Modeling and analysis of chilled water systems dtic. Fundamentals of chiller plant design daikin applied. Location of central plant shall be determined during the early stages of the project. Principles of chiller plant design principles of chiller plant design course description. Chiller 1 capacity tons 500 design flow gpm 100 2 chiller 1 chiller system load flow 2500 2000 1500 500 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 capacity tons design flow gpm min. She has authored several articles on chilledwater plant design, and is a member of ashrae sspc 90. Here, three different fluids are all acted on by the same pump. The lead chiller continues to ramp up to meet the requirements of the load. Discharge pressure the main reason to describe pump pressure as head is shown in figure 2. Chiller plant design elevation difference column height when pump is off building load 600 tons 50% load secondary pump 1440 gpm 480 gpm flow through decoupler flow two 400 ton chillers each at 300 tons balanced load 51.
Download chiller plant design guide free pdf mep work. Mcquay international chiller plant design, application guide 2002. The impeller 8 is mounted on the pump shaft 5 with roller bearings 7 in either overhung or center hung arrangement. Some chille rs can tolerate flowrate variationsas much as 50. Large university central chiller plant design considerations. Chilled water plant design and specification guide.
This class is intended for hvac consulting engineers, energy engineers, facility managers, property managers involved in the selection, design, operation or maintenance of commercial buildings using an applied chilled water system. In this article we are going to be taking a very detailed look at the design data for a centrifugal, water cooled, chiller. The chilled water pumps, condenser water pumps, and cooling tower fans are all. There can be multiple chillers in a chilled water plant. For hvac engineers, this pdf ebook is a guide for the design of chilled water air conditioning systems.
Once type of chilled is selected, mechanical engineer shall coordinate with the other disciplines in. Its long past those times when books were so rare that not everyone could afford to have them. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool equipment, or another process stream such as air or process water. Chilled water plant design guide december 2009 energydesignresources. Using variable speed drives in central plants with multiple chillers designing a chiller plant to be the most efficient defining and implementing chiller plant optimization august 16, 2012 october 11, 2012. This is largely because electricity does not use energy very efficiently due to transmission and combustion fuel losses, high demand charges, and the. Chiller full and part load efficiencies have improved significantly over the last 10 years chillers with nplvs of 0. Chilled water plant design guide energydesignresources taylor. Apply essential elements of a control design that is prescriptive and verifiable 4. Hvac chiller systems handbook pdf a free and simple book introducing hvac chillers download free mep calculation excel sheets, autocad drawings, and training courses for hvac, firefighting, plumbing and electrical systems design. Chiller is equipment commonly used in hvac or industrial applications to cool liquids to low temperatures.
Chilled water piping distribution systems ashrae 31214. This cool fluid removes heat from the process and the warm fluid returns to the chiller. Trane chiller plant manager is an advanced control solution recommended for chiller plant applications with multiple chillers. Roy hubbard and bill stewart, johnson controls inc.
Hvac systems design handbook, fifth edition, features new information on energy conservation and computer usage for design and control, as well as the most recent international code council icc mechanical code requirements. Refrigerant monitoring systems for mechanical equipment. Chilled water also provides accurate temperature control that is especially useful for vav applications. Reference design requires two feeds for each chiller module. Chilled water systems back to basics jonathan ramajoo. Designing a chiller plant room to be the most efficient. The process water is the means by which heat transfers from the process to the chiller. This new edition looks at how climate change and green designs have significantly impacted the selection of refrigerants and the application of chilled water systems. Utilize best practices within project teams so the design intent can be implemented, commissioned, and sustained. Chillers can account for 35 percent of hvac energy use in many commercial buildings, but todays variable speed drives vsds can cut a chillers annual energy cost by 30 percent or more. The impeller discharges radially into the volute or diffuser 11, which is built into the pump casing.
Fundamentals of design and control of central chilledwater plants. Trace 700 chiller plant analyzer software saves time by allowing easy plant configuration comparisons with a detailed wizard. The details of various multiple chiller plant designs will be discussed in later. Water cooled chiller design data the engineering mindset. Designing chilled water systems specifying engineer. Good book but this is not a book for someone seeking to learn more of the details of chilled water plants or pumping configuration. Absorption chillers basics, manuals and catalogues. Plant operators, energy engineers, and control system designers will also find information on loads, equipment, distribution, chiller procurement, controls, and commissioning. From start to finish, any modular chiller plant takes approximately 20 weeks to design, procure, manufacture and install with proper coordination. Machine design information gears, labyrinth seals, mechanical seals, orings, ball bearings, sleeve bearings, thrust bearings you can start with college books for mechanical engineering. Download free mep calculation excel sheets, autocad drawings, and training courses for hvac, firefighting, plumbing and electrical systems design.
The program calculates the energy and economic effects of virtually any chiller plant configuration using load profiles generated based on location and predefined building types. Detailed illustrations, tables, and essential hvac equations are. Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts. When a project is secured, a comprehensive design check and evaluation is. Chiller type centrifugal fast, absorbers slow chiller load min load no variance, full load max variance system water volume more water, more thermal capacitance, faster variance allowed active loads near or far from plant typical vsd pump ramp rate setting of 10%minute acceldecel rates set to 600 seconds 3377. Supplemental online files are included to promote understanding of realworld scenarios. Itt fluid technology corporation, 1968, primary secondary pumping application manual. Fundamentals of design and control of central chilled. Chiller shutdown shutting down the refrigeration system at high concentration of refrigerant in the mechanical equipment room space is a good way to minimize refrigerant loss. Detailed illustrations, tables, and essential hvac equations are also included.
In addition to controlling the chillers, the chiller plant manager also controls and sequences all components of the chiller plant. Aggreko deployed a replacement chiller and had it running along with a 1500kw generator within a day. The use of chillers allows the design engineer to produce chilled water in a central building location or even on the roof and distribute the water economically and without the use of large duct shafts. Introduction when planning a plant expansion or replacing end of life equipment within large university central plants, there are many design issues and recommendations that need to be considered to ensure a highly reliable, efficient, low maintenance central plant design. Hvac chillers are devices that remove heat gained by a recirculating water system as it cools a building. A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vaporcompression or absorption refrigeration cycle. Chillers are the main part of the cooling plant that provides chilled water to the cooling system in the facility. However, after inspection the plant learned it would take over a month to complete its repairs. Chiller plant design heat exchanger air conditioning. Fundamentals, application, and operation, second edition explores the major improvements in recent years to many chiller and cooling tower components that have resulted in improved performance and lower operating costs. Optimization of the overall chiller plant must be performed holistically. The attendee will learn hydronics, pump design, condenser water systems, building loads and diversity, terminal devices, constant and. Less fittings and shorter runs egress and equipment access maintained cooling tower plant layout simplified pipe layout from different equipment connections ensure safe and sufficient access is.
In systems with constant flow through the chillers evaporators, designers often specify maximum acceptable pressure drops. A procedure was developed to provide nearoptimum plant design for most. This is a pretty advanced chiller video, so if youre new to the topic then i highly recommend you start from the basics first. Designing a chiller plant room to be the most efficient, thursday, october 11, 2012. Chillerswater and aircooled chiller systems by york. Rethinking chiller plant design journal article osti. Mophorn 20l 70w aquarium water chiller with pump kit fish tank chiller water cooling machine shrimp tank water cooler for fresh water salt water plant tank hydroponic chiller 2. Designingachillerplant for maximum efficiency youtube. Two types of refrigeration cycles can be used by chillers. This course is intended to give the sales engineer and technician a thorough understanding of chiller plant design.
In just the simple process of chilling water, there are four discrete energy moving functions. Evaluating overall chiller plant performance will therefore involve an analysis of total power consumption of the compressor, pumps, cooling tower fans, etc. Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of various control techniques to optimize chiller plant energy consumption 3. However, all bypass flow is eliminated when two are operating. Trane chiller plant design pdf documents chiller plant design. As a necessary byproduct, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be exhausted to ambience, or for greater efficiency, recovered for heating. This section discusses the effect of flow rate and temperature decisions. This chiller has a pulldown timer program to allow it to cool the supply water before starting the second or lag machine. It was originally expected that the temporary chiller would be necessary for only a few days until the plants permanent chiller could be fixed. Written by a leading expert in the field, the book analyzes topics such as piping, water treatment, noise control, electrical service, and energy effi. This document is a design guide for chilled water plants.
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